Oracle Database
1. Prons of Oracle DB
a) Security
b) Performance
c) Scalability
d) Powerful coding
-SQL
-PL/SQL
e) Support
f) biggest companies use it?
2. Are they any cons for this database?
-You must know how to deal with the database
- It is not free
3. Database build
a) tables - main object ytpe in dbs - the data is stored in tables with logical groups. For example, in this figure, we store the data of the employees in our company. We do not have any information about the customers, or products etc. All the data is related to each other.
b) cells - each cell has "1" data in it.
c) record (row) - the union of all these horizontal cells is called as a "record" , or a "row". A record , or a row includes all the information of a specific element. In here ,since we store the employees a row has all the data oa specific epmployee.
d) columns - records can have any different types of data, but a column can have only one specific type of data. For exapmle, the first name column here can have only string type of data. Or hire date column can have only dates.. Each column has a specific types of values.
4. Relation Database
a) Relation databases are:
-accurate - since it is stored in only one place.
-flexible - - if you do not use a relational dtabase design, it would be so hard to get data from different tables. But ut wooth relational database, you can easily do that. Besides, you can easily run the complex queries within the relational databases
-collaborative - - multiple users can access the same databse.
-trusted - this models are mature and well understood.
-secure -
5. Entity and Relationship logic
Entity - the smalest unit containg a meaningful set of data is called as "entity"
Relationship - logical relationship between entities
10. OLTP vs OLAP
a) OLTP (Onlie Transaction Processing)
-Current Data
-Constantly Updated
-Highly detailed data
-Day to day operations
b) OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)
-Historical Data
-Less frequesntly Updated
-Summarized data
-Reports/Dashboards for Decision Making
-De-normalized design
11. Oracle 11g
- g - grid computing - grid computing is a way of organizing computer resources in such a way that they can be flexible and dynamically allocated and accessed.
*processors
*storage
*databases
*applications
Real Application Clusters (RAC) - equally distributed load, high avaiblity
Automatic Storage Managment (ASM) - replication of data to disk groups
12. Oracle 12c
- c - cloud
Multitenant architecture
Container Database (CDB) -it is big databases which containes multiple databases which we make cardless jailed databases but in Oracle terminology there are less pluggable databese. There are less pluggable databases because you can plug them into the conteiner database whenever you need.
13. Data block
- A data block is the smallest unit of storage in an Oracle database
-Oracle stores data in data blocks (also called logical blocks, Oracle blocks, or pages)
-One data block corresponds to a specific number of bytes of physical database space on disk
-default block size in 11g is 8192 bytes (8kb).
- build of data block
*common and variable header
*table directory
*row directory
*free space
*row data
14. Undo
Undo - means to reverse the action of an earlier action. Example undo function can undo deleted text in a word processor.
-Oracle records all data that is about to change as undo. The information allows Oracle to undo changes in case of a rollback.
CUSTOMER_ID | Name | Country|
10 | JOHN | USA |
11 | TOM | USA |
INSERT
INSERT INTO CUSTOMER (customer_id, name, country) values (12, 'JOE', USA);
undo
OP 5.1(11.1)
Delete Row Piece - DRP
Slot4:
UPDATE
UPDATE CUSTOMER SET name = "JEFF', country = 'IRLEAND' WHERE customer_id = 10;
undo
OP 5.1(11.1)
Update Row Piece - URP
Slot 4:
c1: JOHN
c2: USA
DELETE
DELETE FROM CUSTOMER WHERE customer_id = 11
undo
OP 5.1(11.1)
Insert Row Piece - IRP
Slot 4:
c0: 11
c1: TOM
c2: USA
15. REDO
Redo - means to do something again. Example: You may type some text and then use UNDO to "untype" the text. You can use the REDO function to restore the typing.
-Oracle records all changes made to the database. If the database. If the database crashes, this information allows Oracle to redo (reprocess) the changes.
a) Security
b) Performance
c) Scalability
d) Powerful coding
-SQL
-PL/SQL
e) Support
f) biggest companies use it?
2. Are they any cons for this database?
-You must know how to deal with the database
- It is not free
3. Database build
a) tables - main object ytpe in dbs - the data is stored in tables with logical groups. For example, in this figure, we store the data of the employees in our company. We do not have any information about the customers, or products etc. All the data is related to each other.
b) cells - each cell has "1" data in it.
c) record (row) - the union of all these horizontal cells is called as a "record" , or a "row". A record , or a row includes all the information of a specific element. In here ,since we store the employees a row has all the data oa specific epmployee.
d) columns - records can have any different types of data, but a column can have only one specific type of data. For exapmle, the first name column here can have only string type of data. Or hire date column can have only dates.. Each column has a specific types of values.
4. Relation Database
a) Relation databases are:
-accurate - since it is stored in only one place.
-flexible - - if you do not use a relational dtabase design, it would be so hard to get data from different tables. But ut wooth relational database, you can easily do that. Besides, you can easily run the complex queries within the relational databases
-collaborative - - multiple users can access the same databse.
-trusted - this models are mature and well understood.
-secure -
5. Entity and Relationship logic
Entity - the smalest unit containg a meaningful set of data is called as "entity"
Relationship - logical relationship between entities
10. OLTP vs OLAP
a) OLTP (Onlie Transaction Processing)
-Current Data
-Constantly Updated
-Highly detailed data
-Day to day operations
b) OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)
-Historical Data
-Less frequesntly Updated
-Summarized data
-Reports/Dashboards for Decision Making
-De-normalized design
11. Oracle 11g
- g - grid computing - grid computing is a way of organizing computer resources in such a way that they can be flexible and dynamically allocated and accessed.
*processors
*storage
*databases
*applications
Real Application Clusters (RAC) - equally distributed load, high avaiblity
Automatic Storage Managment (ASM) - replication of data to disk groups
12. Oracle 12c
- c - cloud
Multitenant architecture
Container Database (CDB) -it is big databases which containes multiple databases which we make cardless jailed databases but in Oracle terminology there are less pluggable databese. There are less pluggable databases because you can plug them into the conteiner database whenever you need.
13. Data block
- A data block is the smallest unit of storage in an Oracle database
-Oracle stores data in data blocks (also called logical blocks, Oracle blocks, or pages)
-One data block corresponds to a specific number of bytes of physical database space on disk
-default block size in 11g is 8192 bytes (8kb).
- build of data block
*common and variable header
*table directory
*row directory
*free space
*row data
14. Undo
Undo - means to reverse the action of an earlier action. Example undo function can undo deleted text in a word processor.
-Oracle records all data that is about to change as undo. The information allows Oracle to undo changes in case of a rollback.
CUSTOMER_ID | Name | Country|
10 | JOHN | USA |
11 | TOM | USA |
INSERT
INSERT INTO CUSTOMER (customer_id, name, country) values (12, 'JOE', USA);
undo
OP 5.1(11.1)
Delete Row Piece - DRP
Slot4:
UPDATE
UPDATE CUSTOMER SET name = "JEFF', country = 'IRLEAND' WHERE customer_id = 10;
undo
OP 5.1(11.1)
Update Row Piece - URP
Slot 4:
c1: JOHN
c2: USA
DELETE
DELETE FROM CUSTOMER WHERE customer_id = 11
undo
OP 5.1(11.1)
Insert Row Piece - IRP
Slot 4:
c0: 11
c1: TOM
c2: USA
15. REDO
Redo - means to do something again. Example: You may type some text and then use UNDO to "untype" the text. You can use the REDO function to restore the typing.
-Oracle records all changes made to the database. If the database. If the database crashes, this information allows Oracle to redo (reprocess) the changes.
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